Thyroid Disease: What It Is, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck that plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall health. Thyroid diseases occur when the gland produces too much or too little thyroid hormone, leading to various health issues. If you are experiencing symptoms related to thyroid disorders, consulting a thyroid doctor in Chennai at Jyoti Hospital can help in early diagnosis and treatment.
What Is Thyroid Disease?
Thyroid disease refers to any condition that affects the thyroid gland’s ability to function properly. The two most common thyroid disorders are:
- Hypothyroidism – When the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones, slowing down bodily functions.
- Hyperthyroidism – When the thyroid produces excessive hormones, speeding up metabolism.
Causes of Thyroid Disease
Several factors can contribute to thyroid disorders, including:
- Autoimmune Diseases – Conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (hypothyroidism) and Graves’ disease (hyperthyroidism) result from the immune system attacking the thyroid.
- Iodine Deficiency – An inadequate iodine intake can lead to thyroid dysfunction.
- Genetic Factors – A family history of thyroid disease increases the risk.
- Medications & Radiation Therapy – Certain drugs and radiation exposure can affect thyroid function.
- Nodules or Goiter – Abnormal growths in the thyroid can impact hormone production.
Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders
Hypothyroidism Symptoms:
- Fatigue and sluggishness
- Weight gain
- Cold sensitivity
- Dry skin and hair loss
- Depression
- Slow heart rate
Hyperthyroidism Symptoms:
- Unintentional weight loss
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Nervousness and irritability
- Increased sweating
- Tremors
- Bulging eyes (in Graves’ disease)
Diagnosis and Treatment
If you suspect thyroid disease, visiting a thyroid doctor in Chennai at Jyoti Hospital can help with proper diagnosis through blood tests, ultrasound, and biopsy if necessary.
Treatment Options:
For Hypothyroidism:
- Thyroid hormone replacement therapy (Levothyroxine)
- Regular monitoring of thyroid levels
- A balanced diet rich in iodine and selenium
For Hyperthyroidism: - Anti-thyroid medications
- Radioactive iodine therapy
- Surgery in severe cases